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What (who) is Magnesium - definition
![illumination]] source while [[wakeskating]] in 1931](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12062, Wasserreiter mit Magnesiumfackeln.jpg?width=200 "illumination]] source while [[wakeskating]] in 1931")
![Magnesium is brittle, and fractures along [[shear band]]s when its thickness is reduced by only 10% by [[cold rolling]] (top). However, after alloying Mg with 1% Al and 0.1% Ca, its thickness could be reduced by 54% using the same process (bottom).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cold rolling of Mg and Mg-1Al-0.1Ca.jpg?width=200 "Magnesium is brittle, and fractures along [[shear band]]s when its thickness is reduced by only 10% by [[cold rolling]] (top). However, after alloying Mg with 1% Al and 0.1% Ca, its thickness could be reduced by 54% using the same process (bottom).")
![Examples of food sources of magnesium (clockwise from top left): [[bran]] [[muffin]]s, [[pumpkin seed]]s, [[barley]], [[buckwheat flour]], low-fat vanilla [[yogurt]], [[trail mix]], [[halibut]] steaks, [[garbanzo bean]]s, [[lima bean]]s, [[soybean]]s, and [[spinach]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg?width=200 "Examples of food sources of magnesium (clockwise from top left): [[bran]] [[muffin]]s, [[pumpkin seed]]s, [[barley]], [[buckwheat flour]], low-fat vanilla [[yogurt]], [[trail mix]], [[halibut]] steaks, [[garbanzo bean]]s, [[lima bean]]s, [[soybean]]s, and [[spinach]]")
![Magnesium firestarter (in left hand), used with a [[pocket knife]] and flint to create sparks that ignite the shavings](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magnesium Sparks.jpg?width=200 "Magnesium firestarter (in left hand), used with a [[pocket knife]] and flint to create sparks that ignite the shavings")
Wikipedia
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.
In the cosmos, magnesium is produced in large, aging stars by the sequential addition of three helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. When such stars explode as supernovas, much of the magnesium is expelled into the interstellar medium where it may recycle into new star systems. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the fourth most common element in the Earth (after iron, oxygen and silicon), making up 13% of the planet's mass and a large fraction of the planet's mantle. It is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine.
This element is the eleventh most abundant element by mass in the human body and is essential to all cells and some 300 enzymes. Magnesium ions interact with polyphosphate compounds such as ATP, DNA, and RNA. Hundreds of enzymes require magnesium ions to function. Magnesium compounds are used medicinally as common laxatives and antacids (such as milk of magnesia), and to stabilize abnormal nerve excitation or blood vessel spasm in such conditions as eclampsia.
